ABSTRACT
Literature review on the technologies available for the development, production and testing of a messenger RNA vaccine, starting with the establishment of the optimal sequence elements, methods for production and purification of nucleic acids and delivery systems used in vaccination and gene therapy studies. The mRNA sequence, especially the 5' and 3' untranslated regulatory elements are essential to increase stability and ensure a high level of antigen expression in vitro and in vivo. Reactogenicity and decrease in antigen expression level due to the activation of in vivo antiviral response mechanisms can be diminished by introducing additional purification steps aimed at eliminating DNA, double-stranded RNA and other contaminants resulting from the in vitro transcription processes.